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Micromotor company introduces the working principle of brushless motor
2020-04-17 11:45
Brushless motors use semiconductor switching devices to achieve electronic commutation, I .e. electronic switching devices replace traditional contact commutators and brushes. It has the advantages of high reliability, no reverse spark and low mechanical noise. Brushless motors are widely used in high-end recording seats, video recorders, electronic instruments and automated office equipment.
The brushless motor is composed of permanent magnet rotor, multi-pole winding stator, position sensor and so on. The position sensor converts the current of the stator winding in a certain order according to the change of the rotor position, that is, detects the position of the rotor magnetic pole relative to the stator winding, and generates a position sensor signal at the determined position, which is processed by the signal conversion circuit. To control the power switching circuit, switch the winding current according to a certain logic relationship. The operating voltage of the stator winding is provided by an electronic switching circuit, which is controlled by the output of the position sensor.
Position sensors are divided into three types: magnetic sensitive type, photoelectric type and electromagnetic type.
Brushless motors that use magnetosensitive position sensors have magnetosensitive sensor devices (such as Hall elements, magnetic diodes, magnetosensitive tubes, magnetoresistive or application specific integrated circuits, etc.) mounted on the stator assembly to detect changes in the magnetic field generated when the permanent magnet and rotor rotate.
Brushless motors with photoelectric position sensors are equipped with photoelectric sensor devices at specific locations on the stator assembly. The rotor is equipped with a light shield, and the light source is a light-emitting diode or a small bulb. When the rotor rotates, the photosensitive element on the stator will intermittently generate pulse signals at a certain frequency due to the effect of the light shielding plate.

Brushless motors with electromagnetic position sensors are equipped with electromagnetic sensor components on the stator assembly, such as coupling transformers, proximity switches, LC resonant circuits, etc. The high frequency modulated signal amplitude is generated as a function of rotor position.
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